绷带型角膜接触镜在翼状胬肉逆行撕除联合角膜缘干细胞移植术的应用

目的观察翼状胬肉患者逆行撕除术联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术术后配戴绷带型角膜接触镜的疗效。方法将原发性单侧翼状胬肉患者78例(78只眼)随机分成试验组和对照组各39例(39只眼),两组均由同一组医生施行翼状胬肉逆行撕除术联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术。试验组在手术结束即刻于角膜表面配戴绷带型角膜接触镜1片,对照组采取弹力绷带加压包扎。术后1天、2天、3天、1周进行随访,观察角膜上皮修复情况、角结膜刺激症状。结果试验组在角膜上皮修复、角结膜刺激症状评分方面的具体数据均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论翼状胬肉逆行撕除术联合自体角膜缘干细胞移植术后佩戴绷带型角膜接触镜能有效促进角膜上皮修复、减轻术后角膜刺激症状。     

Quantifying the Effect of Abdominal Body Wall on In Situ Peak Rarefaction Pressure During Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging

In this study, 3-D non-linear ultrasound simulations and experimental measurements were used to estimate the range of in situ pressures that can occur during transcutaneous abdominal imaging and to identify the sources of error when estimating in situ peak rarefaction pressures (PRPs) using linear derating, as specified by the mechanical index (MI) guideline. Using simulations, it was found that, for a large transmit aperture (F/1.5), MI consistently over-estimated in situ PRP by 20%–48% primarily owing to phase aberration. For a medium transmit aperture (F/3), the MI accurately estimated the in situ PRP to within 8%. For a small transmit aperture (F/5), MI consistently underestimated the in situ PRP by 32%–50%, with peak locations occurring 1–2 cm before the focal depth, often within the body wall itself. The large variability across body wall samples and focal configurations demonstrates the limitations of the simplified linear derating scheme. The results suggest that patient-specific in situ PRP estimation would allow for increases in transmit pressures, particularly for tightly focused beams, to improve diagnostic image quality while ensuring patient safety.     

关节腔渗透压调控骨关节炎的研究进展

骨关节炎是一种慢性、进行性、不可逆性的关节退行性疾病,是一种中老年人的常见疾病,被认为是全球致残率较高的疾病之一。近年来,随着经济发展和人口老龄化,骨关节炎的患者数量在不断增加,这也让骨关节炎在临床上得到了极大的重视。而临床上治疗骨关节炎的一个关键性问题是关节软骨的丢失和难以自我修复。渗透压可以通过调节细胞体积和调控离子通道影响软骨细胞的生理代谢,从而影响关节软骨的损伤和修复。这一过程可能在骨关节炎发生发展中起到了重要作用。本文就离子通道、渗透压和骨关节炎三者间的相关性作一综述。     

数字化设计结合3D打印技术精准治疗复杂肩胛骨骨折的应用研究

目的 探讨应用数字化设计结合3D打印骨骼模型的个体化、精确化的手术治疗方案应用于复杂肩胛骨骨折患者的临床疗效。方法 对东莞市石排医院骨科2018年6月至2020年6月40例复杂肩胛骨骨折患者进行随机分组。其中，试验组20例，肩关节螺旋CT扫描，将所得DICOM格式数据导入Mimics 15.0软件重建复杂肩胛骨骨折三维模型，并对相应骨折块进行模拟平移、旋转等操作，将骨折端进行虚拟复位。应用3D打印技术获得患者复位后的肩胛骨骨折模型。根据模型进行术前规划，塑形钢板后进行手术治疗。对照组20例，采用传统切开复位内固定方式进行治疗。记录手术中相关数据，术后复查X光线及CT，与术前设计相比对，采用Hardegger肩关节功能评分评定疗效。结果 全部病例均获得5 ～ 13个月的随访，试验组手术时间与术中出血量均较对照组更少，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。末次随访，试验组优良率95%（19/20），对照组优良率为65%（13/20），两组临床效果对比，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 应用数字化设计结合3D打印技术，为复杂肩胛骨骨折患者制定治疗方案，可满足微创化、精确化、个体化的要求，继而可以有效减少手术创伤、缩短手术时间、降低手术操作难度，为患者更快、更好地恢复肩关节功能创造有利的条件。     

China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors-Radiological features of pathological complete response in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade: A post hoc analysis of the PICC phase II trial

Neoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade exhibits promising efficacy in patients with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, discrepancies between radiological and histological findings have been reported in the PICC phase II trial (NCT 03926338). Therefore, we strived to discern radiological features associated with pathological complete response (pCR) based on computed tomography (CT) images. Data were obtained from the PICC trial that included 36 tumors from 34 locally advanced dMMR CRC patients, who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade for 3 months. Among the 36 tumors, 28 (77.8%) tumors achieved pCR. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor longitudinal diameter, the percentage change in tumor longitudinal diameter from baseline, primary tumor sidedness, clinical stage, extramural venous invasion status, intratumoral calcification, peritumoral fat infiltration, intestinal fistula and tumor necrosis between the pCR and non-pCR tumors. Otherwise, tumors with pCR had smaller posttreatment tumor maximum thickness (median: 10 mm vs 13 mm, P = .004) and higher percentage decrease in tumor maximum thickness from baseline (52.9% vs 21.6%, P = .005) compared to non-pCR tumors. Additionally, a higher proportion of the absence of vascular sign (P = .003, odds ratio [OR] = 25.870 [95% CI, 1.357-493.110]), nodular sign (P < .001, OR = 189.000 [95% CI, 10.464-3413.803]) and extramural enhancement sign (P = .003, OR = 21.667 [2.848-164.830]) was observed in tumors with pCR. In conclusion, these CT-defined radiological features may have the potential to serve as valuable tools for clinicians in identifying patients who have achieved pCR after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade, particularly in individuals who are willing to adopt a watch-and-wait strategy.     

Nasal epithelial barrier disruption by particulate matter ≤2.5 μm via tight junction protein degradation

Upper airway diseases including sinonasal disorders may be caused by exposure to fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm; PM2.5), as proven by epidemiological studies. PM2.5 is a complex entity whose chemical constituents and physicochemical properties are not confined to a single, independent “particle” but which in this study means a distinctive environmental “toxin.” The mechanism whereby PM2.5 induces nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction leading to sinonasal pathology remains unknown. In the present study, human nasal epithelial cells were exposed to non‐cytotoxic doses of PM2.5 to examine how PM2.5 affects the nasal epithelial barrier. Tight junction (TJ) integrity and function were assessed by transepithelial electric resistance and paracellular permeability. The expression levels of TJ proteins such as zona occludens‐1, occludin and claudin‐1 were assessed by immunofluorescence staining and western blot. PM2.5 exposure induced epithelial barrier dysfunction as reflected by increased paracellular permeability and decreased transepithelial electric resistance. TJ proteins zona occludens‐1, occludin and claudin‐1 were found to be downregulated. Pretreatment with N‐acetyl‐l ‐cysteine alleviated PM2.5‐mediated reactive oxygen species generation in RPMI 2650 cells, further preventing barrier dysfunction and attenuating the degradation of TJ proteins. These results suggest that PM2.5 induces nasal epithelial barrier disruption via oxidative stress, and N‐acetyl‐l ‐cysteine counteracts this PM2.5‐mediated effect. Thus, nasal epithelial barrier disruption caused by PM2.5, which leads to sinonasal disease, may be prevented or treated through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species.     

高龄患者椎管内麻醉应用右美托咪啶的镇静效果观察

摘 要 目的：观察椎管内麻醉高龄患者应用右美托咪啶的镇静效果。方法: 52例行椎管内麻醉手术治疗的高龄患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组26例。麻醉成功后,对照组患者静脉泵注0.9%氯化钠注射液,观察组患者则静脉泵注右美托咪啶。比较两组患者T0（麻醉前）、T1（给药后10 min）、T2（给药后30 min）、T3（给药后60 min）、T4（手术结束）等时点的血压（BP）、呼吸频率（RR）、血氧饱和度（SpO2与心率（HR）变化,Ramsay镇静评分及药品不良反应情况。结果:两组患者的HR、RR及SpO2均维持在正常范围内,观察组患者T2与T3时点SBP、HR显著低于T0,也低于对照组同时点(P＜0.05);观察组患者在T2～T4时点Ramsay镇静评分均显著低于T0,也低于对照组同时点(P＜0.05）;观察组药品不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论:右美托咪啶用于老年患者的椎管内麻醉手术,辅助效果显著,在维持血流动力学稳定的基础上使患者充分镇静,能减少不良反应发生,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。